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rst_paris.md 2.63 KiB 
title: Rst_PARIS

Description

PARIS (for Phage Anti-Restriction-Induced System) is a novel anti-phage system. PARIS is found in 4% of prokaryotic genomes. It comprises an ATPase associated with a DUF4435 protein, which can be found either as a two-gene cassette or a single-gene fusion (1).

This system relies on an unknown Abortive infection mechanism to trigger growth arrest upon sensing a phage-encoded protein (Ocr). Interestingly, the Ocr protein has been found to inhibit R-M systems and BREX systems, making PARIS a suitable defense mechanism against RM resistant and/or BREX resistant phages (1, 2, 3). 

Example of genomic structure

The Rst_PARIS system have been describe in a total of 4 subsystems.

Here is some example found in the RefSeq database:

rst_paris

PARIS_I subsystem in the genome of Salmonella enterica (GCF_020715485.1) is composed of 2 proteins: AAA_15 (WP_001520831.1)and, DUF4435 (WP_010989064.1).

rst_paris

PARIS_II subsystem in the genome of Enterobacter cloacae (GCF_023238665.1) is composed of 2 proteins: DUF4435 (WP_071830092.1)and, AAA_21 (WP_061772587.1).

rst_paris

PARIS_II_merge subsystem in the genome of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (GCF_017815575.1) is composed of 1 protein: AAA_21_DUF4435 (WP_209818471.1).

rst_paris

PARIS_I_merge subsystem in the genome of Sideroxydans lithotrophicus (GCF_000025705.1) is composed of 1 protein: AAA_15_DUF4435 (WP_013030315.1).

Distribution of the system among prokaryotes

The Rst_PARIS system is present in a total of 463 different species.

Among the 22k complete genomes of RefSeq, this system is present in 1145 genomes (5.0 %).

rst_paris

Proportion of genome encoding the Rst_PARIS system for the 14 phyla with more than 50 genomes in the RefSeq database. Pie chart of the repartition of all the subsystems found in the RefSeq database.

Experimental validation

Rst_PARIS systems were experimentally validated using:

Subsystem Paris 1 with a system from Escherichia coli (P4 loci) in Escherichia coli has an anti-phage effect against Lambda, T4, CLB_P2, LF82_P8, Al505_P2, T7 (Rousset et al., 2022)

Subsystem Paris 2 with a system from Escherichia coli (P4 loci) in Escherichia coli has an anti-phage effect against Lambda, T4, CLB_P2, LF82_P8, T7 (Rousset et al., 2022)

Relevant abstracts

::article-doi-list

items: - 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.018

::