diff --git a/tests/test_core.py b/tests/test_core.py
index fe264b7a9329d705b3d0a3cd491f9ec6de01d885..5d0543630ecc2c531e0ae95ea008325d58a9176f 100644
--- a/tests/test_core.py
+++ b/tests/test_core.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
"""Tests for core.py"""
+import gzip
import pytest
from .context import rpg
from rpg import core
@@ -175,6 +176,44 @@ def test_output_results(capsys, tmpdir):
"al peptide: WQSD\nC terminal peptide: F\n" + \
output_file.read()
+ # No output file
+ output_file = None
+ fmt = "csv"
+ quiet = False
+ verbose = 3
+ core.output_results(output_file, all_seq_digested, fmt, quiet,
+ verbose)
+ out, err = capsys.readouterr()
+ assert out == "\nNumber of cleavage: 4\nCleavage position: 4, 7, 12, 15\n"\
+ "Number of miscleavage: 0\nmiscleavage position: \nmis"\
+ "cleavage ratio: 0.00%\nSmallest peptide size: 1\nN termin"\
+ "al peptide: WQSD\nC terminal peptide: F\nOriginal_header,"\
+ "No_peptide,Enzyme,Cleaving_"\
+ "pos,Peptide_size,Peptide_mass,pI,Sequence\n"\
+ "Input,0,fake_enzyme1,4,4,534.52598,3.14,WQS"\
+ "D\nInput,1,fake_enzyme1,7,3,349.29758,3.04,"\
+ "ESD\nInput,2,fake_enzyme1,12,5,495.48938,3."\
+ "14,FZQSD\nInput,3,fake_enzyme1,15,3,349.297"\
+ "58,3.04,ESD\nInput,4,fake_enzyme1,16,1,165."\
+ "19188,5.97,F\n"
+
+ # No output file et less verbose
+ output_file = None
+ fmt = "csv"
+ quiet = False
+ verbose = 1
+ core.output_results(output_file, all_seq_digested, fmt, quiet,
+ verbose)
+ out, err = capsys.readouterr()
+ assert out == "Original_header,No_peptide,Enzyme,Cleaving_"\
+ "pos,Peptide_size,Peptide_mass,pI,Sequence\n"\
+ "Input,0,fake_enzyme1,4,4,534.52598,3.14,WQS"\
+ "D\nInput,1,fake_enzyme1,7,3,349.29758,3.04,"\
+ "ESD\nInput,2,fake_enzyme1,12,5,495.48938,3."\
+ "14,FZQSD\nInput,3,fake_enzyme1,15,3,349.297"\
+ "58,3.04,ESD\nInput,4,fake_enzyme1,16,1,165."\
+ "19188,5.97,F\n"
+
def test_peptide():
"""Test class 'Peptide'"""
header = "Test"
@@ -216,3 +255,79 @@ def test_peptide():
# Test function 'def get_isoelectric_point():'
assert pep3.get_isoelectric_point() == 2.91
+
+
+def test_next_read(capsys, tmpdir):
+ """ Test function 'next_read(files)'"""
+ # Test fasta (multi-line) file with two sequences
+ fasta_file = tmpdir.join("test.fasta")
+ fasta_file.write(">Fake1\nACGTTATATGCTA\nTGTG\n>Fake2\nCAGTACTAGCA")
+ # Only a portion of the file (from 0 to 3)
+ res = core.next_read(fasta_file, 0, 3)
+ # First read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read == (">Fake1", "ACGTTATATGCTATGTG")
+ # No second read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read is None
+ # Full file
+ res = core.next_read(fasta_file, 0, 35)
+ # First read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read == (">Fake1", "ACGTTATATGCTATGTG")
+ # No second read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read == (">Fake2", "CAGTACTAGCA")
+
+ # Test gzipped fasta file
+ data = b">Fake1\nACGTTATATGCTATGT\n"
+ fastagz_file = tmpdir.join("test.fasta.gz")
+ with gzip.open(fastagz_file, "wb") as fil:
+ fil.write(data)
+ res = core.next_read(fastagz_file, 0, 35)
+ # First read
+ a_read = next(res)
+ assert a_read == (">Fake1", "ACGTTATATGCTATGT")
+
+ # Test fastq file with two sequence
+ fastq_file = tmpdir.join("test.fastq")
+ fastq_file.write("@Fake1\nACGTTATATGCTATGTG\n+Fake1\n5Q8D8=64DS-+DZ84!\n"\
+ "@Fake2\nATGCATGCTG\n+Fake1\n8173*8173!")
+ # First sequence only (from 0 to 3)
+ res = core.next_read(fastq_file, 0, 3)
+ # First read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read == ("@Fake1", "ACGTTATATGCTATGTG")
+ # No second read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read is None
+ # Full file
+ res = core.next_read(fastq_file, 0, 1000)
+ # First read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read == ("@Fake1", "ACGTTATATGCTATGTG")
+ # Second read
+ a_read = next(res, None)
+ assert a_read == ("@Fake2", "ATGCATGCTG")
+
+ # Test gzipped fastq file
+ data = b"@Fake1\nACGTTATATGCTATGTG\n+Fake1\n5Q8D8=64DS-+DZ84!\n"
+ fastqgz_file = tmpdir.join("test.fastq.gz")
+ with gzip.open(fastqgz_file, "wb") as fil:
+ fil.write(data)
+ res = core.next_read(fastqgz_file, 0, 35)
+ # First read
+ a_read = next(res)
+ assert a_read == ("@Fake1", "ACGTTATATGCTATGTG")
+
+ # Test wrong gzipped fastq file
+ data = b"+Fake1\nACGTTATATGCTATGTG\n+Fake1\n5Q8D8=64DS-+DZ84!\n"
+ fastqgz_file = tmpdir.join("test.fastq.gz")
+ with gzip.open(fastqgz_file, "wb") as fil:
+ fil.write(data)
+ with pytest.raises(ValueError) as pytest_wrapped_e:
+ res = core.next_read(fastqgz_file, 0, 35)
+ a_read = next(res)
+ assert pytest_wrapped_e.type == ValueError
+ assert str(pytest_wrapped_e.value) == "input file format not recognized (+)."
+
diff --git a/tests/test_digest.py b/tests/test_digest.py
index 89c28365d2d8ae6454ce6fabfe0affa4f9bfd5c1..60ba605a0c54fff75f8dc8abe2684ee4fb67cf9e 100644
--- a/tests/test_digest.py
+++ b/tests/test_digest.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ def test_resultonedigestion():
assert res_dig0 != res_dig3
assert res_dig0 != res_dig4
assert res_dig0 != res_dig5
+ assert res_dig0 != 42
# Test function '__format__()'
format_res = res_dig0.__format__("csv")
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ def test_one_digest():
assert res.peptides[0].__repr__() == res_pep0.__repr__()
assert res.peptides[1].__repr__() == res_pep1.__repr__()
-def test_digest_one_sequence():
+def test_digest_one_sequence(capsys):
"""Test function 'def digest_one_sequence(seq, enz, mode)'"""
enzymes = []
# First enzyme: cut after D not precedeed by S
@@ -248,6 +249,8 @@ def test_digest_one_sequence():
assert res[1].peptides[1].__repr__() == res_pep2.__repr__()
assert res[1].peptides[2].__repr__() == res_pep3.__repr__()
+ capsys.readouterr()
+
def test_sequential_digest():
"""Test function 'sequential_digest(seq, enz)'"""
enzymes = []
@@ -330,7 +333,8 @@ def test_concurrent_digest():
assert res[0].peptides[4].__repr__() == res_pep4.__repr__()
def test_digest_from_input(capsys, tmpdir):
- """ Test function 'digest_from_input(input_data, enzymes, mode)'"""
+ """ Test function 'digest_from_input(input_data, input_type, enz,
+ mode, aa_pka, nb_proc=1)'"""
rule_dict = {}
rule_txt = "(S)(D,)"
rule_dict[rule_txt] = True
@@ -346,7 +350,6 @@ def test_digest_from_input(capsys, tmpdir):
enzymes, mode, aa_pka)
_, err = capsys.readouterr()
assert err == "Input Error: input file format not recognized (f).\n"
- assert pytest_wrapped_e.type == SystemExit
assert pytest_wrapped_e.value.code == 1
# Test input data
@@ -377,6 +380,14 @@ def test_digest_from_input(capsys, tmpdir):
": 165.19188\npKa values from: IPC\nPep. p"\
"I: 5.97\nSequence: F\n]\n"
+ # Test wrong input data
+ with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as pytest_wrapped_e:
+ seq = "WQSD2ESD"
+ res = digest.digest_from_input(seq, "sequence", enzymes, mode, aa_pka)
+ _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+ assert err == "Input Error: amino acid \"2\" in WQSD2ESD not recognized.\n"
+ assert pytest_wrapped_e.value.code == 1
+
# Test fasta file
fasta_file = tmpdir.join("test.fasta")
fasta_file.write(">Fake1\nWQSDESDFZQS\nDESDF\n>Fake2\nNPHARDORCOMPLET")
@@ -415,41 +426,113 @@ def test_digest_from_input(capsys, tmpdir):
" IPC\nPep. pI: 7.16\nSequence: NPHARDORCO"\
"MPLET\n]\n"
- # Test fastq file (same result)
+ # Test fastq file (same result) with multiple proc
fastq_file = tmpdir.join("test.fastq")
fastq_file.write("@Fake1\nWQSDESDFZQSDESDF\n+Fake1\nnWQSDESDFZQSDESDF\n@F"\
"ake2\nNPHARDORCOMPLET\n+Fake2\nnNPHARDORCOMPLET\n")
res = digest.digest_from_input(str(fastq_file), "file", enzymes, mode,
- aa_pka)
- assert res[0][0].__repr__() == "Number of cleavage: 4\nNumber of miscle"\
- "avage: 0\nPositions of miscleavage: []"\
- "\nRatio of miscleavage: 0.0\nPeptides: "\
- "[Original header: Fake1\nNo. peptide: 0\n"\
- "Enzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: 4\nPep."\
- " size: 4\nPep. mass: 534.52598\npKa value"\
- "s from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.14\nSequence: WQS"\
- "D\n, Original header: Fake1\nNo. peptide:"\
- " 1\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: 7\n"\
- "Pep. size: 3\nPep. mass: 349.29758\npKa v"\
- "alues from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.04\nSequence:"\
- " ESD\n, Original header: Fake1\nNo. pepti"\
- "de: 2\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: "\
- "12\nPep. size: 5\nPep. mass: 495.48938\np"\
- "Ka values from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.14\nSeque"\
- "nce: FZQSD\n, Original header: Fake1\nNo."\
- " peptide: 3\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav."\
- " pos: 15\nPep. size: 3\nPep. mass: 349.29"\
- "758\npKa values from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.04"\
- "\nSequence: ESD\n, Original header: Fake1"\
- "\nNo. peptide: 4\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nC"\
- "leav. pos: 16\nPep. size: 1\nPep. mass: 1"\
- "65.19188\npKa values from: IPC\nPep. pI: "\
- "5.97\nSequence: F\n]\n"
- assert res[1][0].__repr__() == "Number of cleavage: 0\nNumber of miscle"\
- "avage: 0\nPositions of miscleavage: []"\
- "\nRatio of miscleavage: 0\nPeptides: [O"\
- "riginal header: Fake2\nNo. peptide: 0\nEn"\
- "zyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: 0\nPep. s"\
- "ize: 15\nPep. mass: 2014.35098\npKa value"\
- "s from: IPC\nPep. pI: 7.16\nSequence: NPH"\
- "ARDORCOMPLET\n]\n"
+ aa_pka, 2)
+ # Multi proc, we an't predict which result will be first or second
+ results_unsorted = []
+ results_unsorted.append("Number of cleavage: 4\nNumber of miscle"\
+ "avage: 0\nPositions of miscleavage: []"\
+ "\nRatio of miscleavage: 0.0\nPeptides: "\
+ "[Original header: Fake1\nNo. peptide: 0\n"\
+ "Enzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: 4\nPep."\
+ " size: 4\nPep. mass: 534.52598\npKa value"\
+ "s from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.14\nSequence: WQS"\
+ "D\n, Original header: Fake1\nNo. peptide:"\
+ " 1\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: 7\n"\
+ "Pep. size: 3\nPep. mass: 349.29758\npKa v"\
+ "alues from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.04\nSequence:"\
+ " ESD\n, Original header: Fake1\nNo. pepti"\
+ "de: 2\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: "\
+ "12\nPep. size: 5\nPep. mass: 495.48938\np"\
+ "Ka values from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.14\nSeque"\
+ "nce: FZQSD\n, Original header: Fake1\nNo."\
+ " peptide: 3\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav."\
+ " pos: 15\nPep. size: 3\nPep. mass: 349.29"\
+ "758\npKa values from: IPC\nPep. pI: 3.04"\
+ "\nSequence: ESD\n, Original header: Fake1"\
+ "\nNo. peptide: 4\nEnzyme: fake_enzyme1\nC"\
+ "leav. pos: 16\nPep. size: 1\nPep. mass: 1"\
+ "65.19188\npKa values from: IPC\nPep. pI: "\
+ "5.97\nSequence: F\n]\n")
+ results_unsorted.append("Number of cleavage: 0\nNumber of miscle"\
+ "avage: 0\nPositions of miscleavage: []"\
+ "\nRatio of miscleavage: 0\nPeptides: [O"\
+ "riginal header: Fake2\nNo. peptide: 0\nEn"\
+ "zyme: fake_enzyme1\nCleav. pos: 0\nPep. s"\
+ "ize: 15\nPep. mass: 2014.35098\npKa value"\
+ "s from: IPC\nPep. pI: 7.16\nSequence: NPH"\
+ "ARDORCOMPLET\n]\n")
+ assert len(res) == 2
+ assert res[0][0].__repr__() in results_unsorted
+ assert res[1][0].__repr__() in results_unsorted
+
+ # Test wrong fastq file
+ fastq_file = tmpdir.join("test.fastq")
+ fastq_file.write("?Fake1\nWQSDESDFZQSDESDF\n+Fake1\nnWQSDESDFZQSDESDF\n@F"\
+ "ake2\nNPHARDORCOMPLET\n+Fake2\nnNPHARDORCOMPLET\n")
+ with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as pytest_wrapped_e:
+ res = digest.digest_from_input(str(fastq_file), "file", enzymes, mode,
+ aa_pka, 4)
+ _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+ assert err == "Input Error: input file format not recognized (?).\n"
+ assert pytest_wrapped_e.value.code == 1
+
+ # Test wrong input type
+ with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as pytest_wrapped_e:
+ res = digest.digest_from_input(str(fastq_file), "42", enzymes, mode,
+ aa_pka, 4)
+ _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+ assert err == "Input Error: input type not recognized (42).\n"
+ assert pytest_wrapped_e.value.code == 1
+
+def test_digest_part(tmpdir):
+ """ Test function 'digest_part(offset_start, offset_end, file, enz,
+ mode, aa_pka)'"""
+ # Fake input file
+ file = tmpdir.join("test.fasta")
+ file.write(">Fake1\nWQSDESDFZQS\nDESDF\n>Fake2\nNPHARDORCOMPLET")
+ rule_dict = {}
+ rule_txt = "(S)(D,)"
+ rule_dict[rule_txt] = True
+ all_rules = rule.create_rules(rule_dict)
+ enz1 = enzyme.Enzyme(-1, "fake_enzyme1", all_rules)
+ enz = [enz1]
+ mode = "sequential"
+ aa_pka = core.AA_PKA_IPC
+ # Read the whole file
+ offset_start = 0
+ offset_end = 1000
+
+ # Get the queries
+ results_digestion = digest.digest_part(offset_start, offset_end, file, enz,
+ mode, aa_pka)
+ # We have 2 res, one for each ref
+ assert len(results_digestion) == 2
+ assert results_digestion[1][0].enzyme_name == "fake_enzyme1"
+ assert results_digestion[1][0].nb_cleavage == 0
+
+ # Fake false input file
+ file = tmpdir.join("test.fasta")
+ file.write(",Fake1\nWQSDESDFZQS\nDESDF\n>Fake2\nNPHARDORCOMPLET")
+ rule_dict = {}
+ rule_txt = "(S)(D,)"
+ rule_dict[rule_txt] = True
+ all_rules = rule.create_rules(rule_dict)
+ enz1 = enzyme.Enzyme(-1, "fake_enzyme1", all_rules)
+ enz = [enz1]
+ mode = "sequential"
+ aa_pka = core.AA_PKA_IPC
+ # Read the whole file
+ offset_start = 0
+ offset_end = 1000
+ # Get the queries
+ with pytest.raises(ValueError) as pytest_wrapped_e:
+ results_digestion = digest.digest_part(offset_start, offset_end, file,
+ enz, mode, aa_pka)
+ # We have a ValueError
+ assert pytest_wrapped_e.type == ValueError
+ assert str(pytest_wrapped_e.value) == "input file format not recognized (,)."
diff --git a/tests/test_enzyme.py b/tests/test_enzyme.py
index 8d87cde182f38cd9fc133aa3d44a3cb64d73a792..065622051d26d3abe9884c61791bf185d4624db3 100644
--- a/tests/test_enzyme.py
+++ b/tests/test_enzyme.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ def test_enzyme(tmpdir):
# Test function '__eq__()'
assert enz0 == enz1
assert enz0 != enz2
+ assert enz0 != 42
"""Test function
'write_enzyme_in_user_file(self, enz_file=DEFUSERENZFILE)'
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ def test_enzyme(tmpdir):
's\nAVAILABLE_ENZYMES_USER.append(ENZYME)\nC'\
'PT_ENZ += 1\n'
-def test_check_enzyme_name():
+def test_check_enzyme_name(capsys):
"""Test function 'check_enzyme_name(name_new_enz, all_name_enz)'."""
# Already taken names
@@ -90,21 +91,4 @@ def test_check_enzyme_name():
res = enzyme.check_enzyme_name(seq_name, all_name)
assert res is False
-'''
-def test_user_creation_enzyme(capsys, monkeypatch):
- """Test function 'user_creation_enzyme()'"""
- monkeypatch.setattr(builtins.input, "Mark")
- i = input("What is your name?")
- assert i == "Mark"
-
-
- inputs = [10, 'y']
- input_generator = (i for i in inputs)
- monkeypatch.setitem('__builtins__.input', lambda prompt: next(input_generator))
- core.user_creation_enzyme()
- out, err = capsys.readouterr()
- print(out)
- print(err)
- assert input('how many?') == 10
- assert input('you sure?') == 'y'
-'''
+ capsys.readouterr()
diff --git a/tests/test_rule.py b/tests/test_rule.py
index 2fc7cb203a83c7451d1ecf2042c70ce3427fab11..51f2d416f85263c1f61ff02b28c803b077b78476 100644
--- a/tests/test_rule.py
+++ b/tests/test_rule.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def test_rule():
'leaves before D, followed by Q, except...\nD_0.rules.appen'\
'd(D_0Q2)\nENZ.append(D_0)\n\n'
-def test_check_rule():
+def test_check_rule(capsys):
"""Test function 'check_rule(exprule)'."""
# Good
expr = "(,A or B,)"
@@ -215,6 +215,8 @@ def test_check_rule():
res = rule.check_rule(expr)
assert res == expr
+ capsys.readouterr()
+
def test_split_complex_rule():
"""Test function 'split_complex_rule(rule)'."""
# No 'or'
@@ -307,7 +309,6 @@ def test_create_rules():
all_rules = {}
# Simplest rule
# cleavage before A
-
rule1 = "(,A)"
all_rules[rule1] = True
# Truth for this rule
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ def test_create_rules():
assert len(res) == 7
# Double comma and 'or'
- # Cleaves after I or J, except if K is after, but cleaves if a L is before
+ # Cleaves before or after I or J, except if K is after, but cleaves if a L is before
all_rules = {}
rule6 = "(,I or J,)"
all_rules[rule6] = True
@@ -402,6 +403,20 @@ def test_create_rules():
assert truth6_4 in res
assert len(res) == 4
+ # Similar complexe rule
+ # Cleaves before G if there is a H after
+ # But don't cleaves before G otherwise
+ all_rules = {}
+ rule7 = "(,G)(H)"
+ all_rules[rule7] = True
+ # Truth for rule7
+ truth7_1 = rule.Rule(1, "H", True, -1)
+ truth7 = rule.Rule(0, "G", False, 0) # Don't cleaves after G
+ truth7.rules.append(truth7_1)
+ res = rule.create_rules(all_rules)
+ assert truth7 in res
+ assert len(res) == 1
+
def test_handle_rule():
"""Test function 'handle_rule(seq, pos, a_rule, cleavage)'"""
diff --git a/tests/test_sequence.py b/tests/test_sequence.py
index 1dc8639c14db301ffd0944e816c6520312a4c9f1..63fe3332e148df82fbbc4f177ef150ae7ae9d0c6 100644
--- a/tests/test_sequence.py
+++ b/tests/test_sequence.py
@@ -1,8 +1,42 @@
"""Tests for sequence.py"""
import pytest
from .context import rpg
+from rpg import core
from rpg import sequence
+def test_peptide():
+ """Test class 'Peptide'"""
+ header = "fake_sequence"
+ seq = "QWSDESDF"
+ enz_name = "Pwet"
+ aa_pka = core.AA_PKA_IPC
+ nb_peptide = 42
+ pep0 = sequence.Peptide(header, seq, enz_name, aa_pka, nb_peptide)
+
+ # Test function '__repr__()'
+ assert pep0.__repr__() == "Original header: fake_sequence\nNo. peptide: "\
+ "42\nEnzyme: Pwet\nCleav. pos: 0\nPep. size: 8"\
+ "\nPep. mass: 1012.98488\npKa values from: IPC"\
+ "\nPep. pI: 2.91\nSequence: QWSDESDF\n"
+
+ header = "fake_sequence"
+ seq = "QWSDESDF"
+ enz_name = "Pwet"
+ aa_pka = core.AA_PKA_IPC
+ nb_peptide = 42
+ pep1 = sequence.Peptide(header, seq, enz_name, aa_pka, nb_peptide)
+
+ header = "fake_sequence"
+ seq = "QWSDESDW"
+ enz_name = "Pwet"
+ aa_pka = core.AA_PKA_IPC
+ nb_peptide = 42
+ pep2 = sequence.Peptide(header, seq, enz_name, aa_pka, nb_peptide)
+
+ assert pep0 == pep1
+ assert pep0 != pep2
+ assert pep0 != 42
+
def test_sequence():
"""Test class 'Sequence'"""
header = "fake_sequence"
@@ -28,6 +62,7 @@ def test_sequence():
assert seq0 == seq1
assert seq0 != seq2
assert seq0 != seq3
+ assert seq0 != 42
def test_check_sequence(capsys):
""" Test function 'check_sequence(seq)'"""
@@ -35,10 +70,7 @@ def test_check_sequence(capsys):
assert sequence.check_sequence("aiHZODHUoh") == "AIHZODHUOH"
# Bad symbol
- with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as pytest_wrapped_e:
+ with pytest.raises(ValueError) as pytest_wrapped_e:
sequence.check_sequence("a%HZODHUoh")
- _, err = capsys.readouterr()
- assert err == "Sequence Error: amino acid \"%\" in A%HZODHUOH not recogni"\
- "zed.\n"
- assert pytest_wrapped_e.type == SystemExit
- assert pytest_wrapped_e.value.code == 1
+ assert "amino acid \"%\" in A%HZODHUOH not "\
+ "recognized." in str(pytest_wrapped_e.value)