AbiE was discovered in 1995 on a Lactococcal plasmid :ref{doi=10.1128/aem.61.12.4321-4328.1995} together with [AbiN](/defense-systems/abin).
AbiE was discovered in 1995 on a Lactococcal plasmid :ref{doi=10.1128/aem.61.12.4321-4328.1995} together with [AbiF](/defense-systems/abif).
AbiE is one of the so-called "Abi" systems for "Abortive infection" discovered in the 90's in research related to the dairy industry :ref{doi=10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.006}. AbiE is classified as abortive infection in :ref{doi=10.1016/j.mib.2023.102312}.
AbiE is one of the so-called "Abi" systems for "Abortive infection" discovered in the 90's in research related to the dairy industry :ref{doi=10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.006}. AbiE is classified as abortive infection in :ref{doi=10.1016/j.mib.2023.102312}.
AbiE is composed of two proteins: AbiEi and AbiEii. AbiEii is annotated as a nucleotidyltransferase.
AbiE is composed of two proteins: AbiEi and AbiEii. AbiEii is annotated as a nucleotidyltransferase.
## Molecular mechanism
## Molecular mechanism
AbiE is a family of an anti-phage defense systems. They act through a Toxin-Antitoxin mechanism, and are comprised of a pair of genes, with one gene being toxic while the other confers immunity to this toxicity :ref{doi=10.1093/nar/gkt1419}.
AbiE is a family of an anti-phage defense systems. They act through a Toxin-Antitoxin mechanism, and are comprised of a pair of genes, with one gene being toxic while the other confers immunity to this toxicity :ref{doi=10.1093/nar/gkt1419}.
