dsr.md

title: Dsr
layout: article
tableColumns:
    article:
      doi: 10.1126/science.aba0372
      abstract: |
        Bacteria and archaea are frequently attacked by viruses and other mobile genetic elements and rely on dedicated antiviral defense systems, such as restriction endonucleases and CRISPR, to survive. The enormous diversity of viruses suggests that more types of defense systems exist than are currently known. By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. These systems incorporate enzymatic activities not previously implicated in antiviral defense, including RNA editing and retron satellite DNA synthesis. In addition, we computationally predict a diverse set of other putative defense genes that remain to be characterized. These results highlight an immense array of molecular functions that microbes use against viruses.
    Sensor: Sensing phage protein
    Activator: Direct
    Effector: Nucleotide modifying
    PFAM: PF13289

Dsr

Example of genomic structure

The Dsr system have been describe in a total of 2 subsystems.

Here is some example found in the RefSeq database:

Dsr_I subsystem in the genome of Escherichia coli (GCF_016904235.1) is composed of 1 protein: Dsr1 (WP_204608492.1).

Dsr_II subsystem in the genome of Escherichia coli (GCF_009950125.1) is composed of 1 protein: Dsr2 (WP_178103017.1).

Distribution of the system among prokaryotes

The Dsr system is present in a total of 246 different species.

Among the 22k complete genomes of RefSeq, this system is present in 641 genomes (2.8 %).

Proportion of genome encoding the Dsr system for the 14 phyla with more than 50 genomes in the RefSeq database. Pie chart of the repartition of all the subsystems found in the RefSeq database.

Structure

Dsr_I

::molstar-pdbe-plugin

height: 700 dataUrl: /dsr/Dsr_I__Dsr1-plddts_87.99578.pdb

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Dsr_II

::molstar-pdbe-plugin

height: 700 dataUrl: /dsr/Dsr_II__Dsr2-plddts_86.62203.pdb

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Experimental validation

graph LR; Gao_2020[Gao et al., 2020] --> Origin_0 Origin_0[ DSR1 Escherichia coli WP_029488749.1] --> Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] ----> T3 & T7 & PhiV-1 Gao_2020[Gao et al., 2020] --> Origin_1 Origin_1[ DSR2 Cronobacter sakazakii WP_015387030.1] --> Expressed_1[Escherichia coli] Expressed_1[Escherichia coli] ----> Lambda Garb_2022[Garb et al., 2022] --> Origin_2 Origin_2[ DSR2 Bacillus subtilis WP_029317421.1] --> Expressed_2[Bacillus subtilis ] Expressed_2[Bacillus subtilis ] ----> SPR Garb_2022[Garb et al., 2022] --> Origin_3 Origin_3[ DSR1 Bacillus subtilis WP_053564071.1] --> Expressed_3[Bacillus subtilis] Expressed_3[Bacillus subtilis] ----> phi29 subgraph Title1[Reference] Gao_2020 Garb_2022 end subgraph Title2[System origin] Origin_0 Origin_1 Origin_2 Origin_3 end subgraph Title3[Expression species] Expressed_0 Expressed_1 Expressed_2 Expressed_3 end subgraph Title4[Phage infected] T3 T7 PhiV-1 Lambda SPR phi29 end style Title1 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none style Title2 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none style Title3 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none style Title4 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none ## Relevant abstracts

::relevant-abstracts

items: - doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01207-8 - doi: 10.1126/science.aba0372

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