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Sensor: Unknown
Activator: Unknown
Effector: Unknown
PFAM:
contributors:
- Rachel Lavenir
relevantAbstracts:
- doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.002
- doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.002
---
# BstA
## Description
BstA is a family of defense systems. BtsA systems from *Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae* and *Escherichia coli* have been shown to provide resistance against a large diversity of phages when expressed in a *S. enterica* or *E.coli* host (1).
BstA is a family of defense systems. BtsA systems from *Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae* and *Escherichia coli* have been shown to provide resistance against a large diversity of phages when expressed in a *S. enterica* or *E.coli* host :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.002}.
The majority of BstA systems appear to be prophage-encoded, as 79% of BstA homologs found in a set of Gram-negative bacterial genomes were associted with phage genes (1).
The majority of BstA systems appear to be prophage-encoded, as 79% of BstA homologs found in a set of Gram-negative bacterial genomes were associted with phage genes :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.002}.
The defense mechanism encoded by BstA remains to be elucidated. Experimental observation suggest that BtsA could act through an abortive infection mechanism. Fluorescence microscopy experiments suggest that the BstA protein colocalizes with phage DNA. The BstA protein appears to inhibit phage DNA replication during lytic phage infection cycles (1).
Interestingly, part of the BstA locus appears to encode an anti-BstA genetic element (*aba*), which prevents auto-immunity for prophages encoding the BstA locus. The aba element appears to be specific to a given BstA locus, as replacing the aba element from a BstA locus with the aba element from an other BstA system does not prevent auto-immunity :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.002}.
Interestingly, part of the BstA locus appears to encode an anti-BstA genetic element (*aba*), which prevents auto-immunity for prophages encoding the BstA locus. The aba element appears to be specific to a given BstA locus, as replacing the aba element from a BstA locus with the aba element from an other BstA system does not prevent auto-immunity (1).
## Molecular mechanism
The defense mechanism encoded by BstA remains to be elucidated. Experimental observation suggest that BtsA could act through an abortive infection mechanism. Fluorescence microscopy experiments suggest that the BstA protein colocalizes with phage DNA. The BstA protein appears to inhibit phage DNA replication during lytic phage infection cycles :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.002}.
## Example of genomic structure
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