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Activator: Direct binding
Effector: Nucleic acid degrading
PFAM: PF01443, PF09848, PF13604
contributors:
- Alba Herrero del Valle
## Relevant abstracts
::relevant-abstracts
---
items:
- doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.001
---
- Alba Herrero del Valle
relevantAbstracts:
- doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.001
- doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
---
# Nhi
## Description
The Nhi (nuclease-helicase immunity) system targets and degrades specific phage DNA replication intermediates :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.001}. Nayeemul Bari et al. showed that Nhi from *Staphylococcus epidermidis* protects against a diverse panel of staphylococcal phages and Millman et al. showed that a protein Nhi-like (that shares the domain organization with Nhi but not the sequence) from *Bacillus cereus* protects against some Bacillus phages :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.001,10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017}.
## Molecular mechanisms
Nhi contains two domains, a nuclease and a helicase domain that are both needed for the anti-phage activity. The nuclease domain has 3′–5′ exonuclease and plasmid nicking activities while the helicase unwinds dsDNA biderctionally. Nhi specifically recognizes phage single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSB) that cover the phage genome to target this DNA for degradation thanks to its helicase and nuclease domains :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.001}.
## Example of genomic structure
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