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The Zorya defense system was discovered in 2018 :ref{doi=10.1126/science.aar4120} among other systems.
The Zorya defense system is composed of two protein ZorA and ZorB in all the subtypes with different other proteins (ZorC + ZorD type I, ZorE type II or ZorF + ZorG type III).
The Zorya defense system is composed of two proteins ZorA and ZorB in all the subtypes with different other proteins (ZorC + ZorD type I, ZorE type II or ZorF + ZorG type III).
## Molecular mechanism
For Zorya type I:
ZorA and ZorB forms an transmembrane heteromer 5:2 (A:B) acting as a peptidoglycin-binding rotary motor :ref{doi=10.1101/2023.12.18.572097}. The structure show that the 5 ZorA proteins form a long tail inside the cytoplasm. Part of this tail has amino acid homology with the core signaling unit of the bacterial chemosensory array :ref{doi=10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102565} suggesting that the ZorA tail is responsible of the activation of ZorC and ZorD.
ZorA and ZorB form a transmembrane heteromer 5:2 (A:B) acting as a peptidoglycan-binding rotary motor :ref{doi=10.1101/2023.12.18.572097}. The structure shows that the 5 ZorA proteins form a long tail inside the cytoplasm. Part of this tail has amino acid homology with the core signaling unit of the bacterial chemosensory array :ref{doi=10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102565} suggesting that the ZorA tail is responsible for the activation of ZorC and ZorD.
On the other hand, ZorC and ZorD interact with DNA :ref{doi=10.1101/2023.12.18.572097} and ZorD act as a ATP dependant nuclease.
On the other hand, ZorC and ZorD interact with DNA :ref{doi=10.1101/2023.12.18.572097} and ZorD acts as a ATP-dependent nuclease.
With all those results :ref{doi=10.1101/2023.12.18.572097}, the suggested mechanism is: