Skip to content
Snippets Groups Projects

Update nlr.md (issue #214)

Merged hgeorjon requested to merge hgeorjon-main-patch-80781 into main
All threads resolved!
---
title: NLR
title: bNacht
layout: article
tableColumns:
article:
doi: 10.1101/2022.07.19.500537
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.015
abstract: |
Bacteria use a wide range of immune systems to counter phage infection. A subset of these genes share homology with components of eukaryotic immune systems, suggesting that eukaryotes horizontally acquired certain innate immune genes from bacteria. Here we show that proteins containing a NACHT module, the central feature of the animal nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family (NLRs), are found in bacteria and defend against phages. NACHT proteins are widespread in bacteria, provide immunity against both DNA and RNA phages, and display the characteristic C-terminal sensor, central NACHT, and N-terminal effector modules. Some bacterial NACHT proteins have domain architectures similar to human NLRs that are critical components of inflammasomes. Human disease-associated NLR mutations that cause stimulus-independent activation of the inflammasome also activate bacterial NACHT proteins, supporting a shared signaling mechanism. This work establishes that NACHT module-containing proteins are ancient mediators of innate immunity across the tree of life.
Bacteria use a wide range of immune pathways to counter phage infection. A subset of these genes shares homology with components of eukaryotic immune systems, suggesting that eukaryotes horizontally acquired certain innate immune genes from bacteria. Here, we show that proteins containing a NACHT module, the central feature of the animal nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family (NLRs), are found in bacteria and defend against phages. NACHT proteins are widespread in bacteria, provide immunity against both DNA and RNA phages, and display the characteristic C-terminal sensor, central NACHT, and N-terminal effector modules. Some bacterial NACHT proteins have domain architectures similar to the human NLRs that are critical components of inflammasomes. Human disease-associated NLR mutations that cause stimulus-independent activation of the inflammasome also activate bacterial NACHT proteins, supporting a shared signaling mechanism. This work establishes that NACHT module-containing proteins are ancient mediators of innate immunity across the tree of life.
Sensor: Unknown
Activator: Unknown
Effector: Unknown
PFAM: PF05729
contributors:
- Héloïse Georjon
relevantAbstract:
- doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.015
---
# NLR
# bNacht
## Description
Several proteins containing a NACHT module were found to have anti-phage activity. NACHT modules are also found in metazoans, where they play a role in innate immunity.
bNacht systems have some similarities with other defense systems:
[CARD_NLR](/defense-systems/card_nlr) , [Rst_TIR-NLR](/defense-systems/rst_tir-nlr), [Avs](/defense-systems/avs).
## Molecular mechanism
Bacterial NACHT module-containing proteins (bNACHT) encompass a C-terminal sensor, a central NACHT module, and N-terminal effector modules. The N-terminal effectors associated with bNACHT proteins are diverse, and include domains that have been previously described to be involved in other defense systems {doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.015}
As far as we are aware, the precise molecular mechanism of bNACHT is unknown.
## Example of genomic structure
The NLR system have been describe in a total of 2 subsystems.
Here is some example found in the RefSeq database:
![nlr](/nlr/NLR_like_bNACHT01.svg){max-width=750px}
NLR_like_bNACHT01 subsystem in the genome of *Pseudomonas psychrotolerans* (GCF_001913135.1) is composed of 1 protein: NLR_like_bNACHT01 (WP_074528296.1).
@@ -169,7+183,7 @@
style Title3 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none
style Title4 fill:none,stroke:none,stroke-width:none
</mermaid>
## Relevant abstracts
::relevant-abstracts
---
items:
- doi: 10.1101/2022.07.19.500537
---
::