- ShosTA
- Description
- Molecular mechanism
- Example of genomic structure
- Distribution of the system among prokaryotes
- Structure
- ShosTA
- ::molstar-pdbe-plugin
- height: 700 dataUrl: /shosta/ShosTA,ShosTA__ShosA,0,V-plddts_93.0196.pdb
- ::molstar-pdbe-plugin
- height: 700 dataUrl: /shosta/ShosTA,ShosTA__ShosT,0,V-plddts_91.38081.pdb
- Experimental validation
title: ShosTA
layout: article
tableColumns:
article:
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
abstract: |
Bacterial anti-phage systems are frequently clustered in microbial genomes, forming defense islands. This property enabled the recent discovery of multiple defense systems based on their genomic co-localization with known systems, but the full arsenal of anti-phage mechanisms remains unknown. We report the discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments. We identified multiple systems with domains involved in eukaryotic antiviral immunity, including those homologous to the ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein, dynamin-like domains, and SEFIR domains, and show their participation in bacterial defenses. Additional systems include domains predicted to manipulate DNA and RNA molecules, alongside toxin-antitoxin systems shown here to function in anti-phage defense. These systems are widely distributed in microbial genomes, and in some bacteria, they form a considerable fraction of the immune arsenal. Our data substantially expand the inventory of defense systems utilized by bacteria to counteract phage infection.
Sensor: Unknown
Activator: Unknown
Effector: Unknown
PFAM: PF02481
relevantAbstracts:
- doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
- doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.018
- doi: 10.1101/gr.133850.111ShosTA
Description
ShosTA system was first described as a Toxin/Antitoxin system in 2012 :ref{doi=10.1101/gr.133850.111} without demonstration of antiphage activity. In 2022, a paper described the same system as "DprA + PRTase" inside P2 like prophages and prooves its antiphage activity. Finally, the antiphage activity was also prooved in another study with the original name ShosTA :ref{doi=10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017}.
This system is composed of two protein: ShosT and ShosA encoding for Hydrolase/PRTase and DprA (nucleotid binding) respectively.
Molecular mechanism
The ShosTA system is a toxin (ShosT) antitoxin (ShosA) system. The domains of ShosT (Hydrolase and PRTase) allows us to hypothesize a toxicity linked to host protein degradation.
Example of genomic structure
The ShosTA is composed of 2 proteins: ShosA and ShosT.
Here is an example found in the RefSeq database:
The ShosTA system in Enterobacter cloacae (GCF_009707405.1, NZ_CP046116) is composed of 2 proteins ShosT (WP_129253192.1) ShosA (WP_129253194.1)
Distribution of the system among prokaryotes
Among the 22,803 complete genomes of RefSeq, the ShosTA is detected in 535 genomes (2.35 %).
The system was detected in 240 different species.
Proportion of genome encoding the ShosTA system for the 14 phyla with more than 50 genomes in the RefSeq database.
Structure
ShosTA
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height: 700 dataUrl: /shosta/ShosTA,ShosTA__ShosA,0,V-plddts_93.0196.pdb
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height: 700 dataUrl: /shosta/ShosTA,ShosTA__ShosT,0,V-plddts_91.38081.pdb
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