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rst_paris.md 2.63 KiB 
title: Rst_PARIS

Description

PARIS (for Phage Anti-Restriction-Induced System) is a novel anti-phage system. PARIS is found in 4% of prokaryotic genomes. It comprises an ATPase associated with a DUF4435 protein, which can be found either as a two-gene cassette or a single-gene fusion (1).

This system relies on an unknown Abortive infection mechanism to trigger growth arrest upon sensing a phage-encoded protein (Ocr). Interestingly, the Ocr protein has been found to inhibit R-M systems and BREX systems, making PARIS a suitable defense mechanism against RM resistant and/or BREX resistant phages (1, 2, 3). 

Example of genomic structure

The Rst_PARIS system have been describe in a total of 4 subsystems.

Here is some example found in the RefSeq database:

rst_paris

PARIS_I subsystem in the genome of Salmonella enterica (GCF_020715485.1) is composed of 2 proteins: AAA_15 (WP_001520831.1)and, DUF4435 (WP_010989064.1).

rst_paris

PARIS_II subsystem in the genome of Enterobacter cloacae (GCF_023238665.1) is composed of 2 proteins: DUF4435 (WP_071830092.1)and, AAA_21 (WP_061772587.1).

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PARIS_II_merge subsystem in the genome of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (GCF_017815575.1) is composed of 1 protein: AAA_21_DUF4435 (WP_209818471.1).

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PARIS_I_merge subsystem in the genome of Sideroxydans lithotrophicus (GCF_000025705.1) is composed of 1 protein: AAA_15_DUF4435 (WP_013030315.1).

Distribution of the system among prokaryotes

The Rst_PARIS system is present in a total of 463 different species.

Among the 22k complete genomes of RefSeq, this system is present in 1145 genomes (5.0 %).

rst_paris

Proportion of genome encoding the Rst_PARIS system for the 14 phyla with more than 50 genomes in the RefSeq database. Pie chart of the repartition of all the subsystems found in the RefSeq database.